CHAPTER 2: HEAT TRANSFER

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FIG. 2.1
Thermal conductivity of some common solids as a function of temperature

FIG. 2.2
Heat conduction through helium gas as a function of pressureat various gas temperatures

FIG. 2.3
Thermal conductivity of cryogenic gases and liquids as a function of temperature

FIG. 2.4
Mean apparent thermal conductivity of various multilayer insulation (MLI) as a function of gas pressure in a vacuum space

FIG. 2.5
Heat transfer from a metal surface to liquid helium, showing nonboiling curves, nucleate-boiling curves (for various pressures), and film-boiling curves (for various wire diameters)

FIG. 2.6
Heat transfer from a metal surface to liquid nitrogen, showing nucleate-boiling curves (for various pressures) and film-boiling curves (for various wire diameters)

FIG. 2.7
Thermal conductance across joints, as a function of temperature (solder, varnish, grease, and pressure joints)

FIG. 2.8
Thermal conductance as a function of temperature for indium-solder joints

FIG. 2.9
Free-convective heat-transfer coefficient h for heat transfer between helium gas and horizontal cylindrical solids at 4.2 K

FIG. 2.10
Free-convective heat-transfer coefficient h between nitrogen gas and horizontal cylindrical solids of diameter at 77 K

FIG. 2.11
“Thumper” liquid-helium level detector based on thermoacoustic oscillations

FIG. 2.12
Different modes of operation for a dipper measurement cryostat. (a) Measurements in a cryogenic-liquid shipping dewar. (b) Variable temperature operation in a high-field superconducting magnet

FIG. 2.13
Schematic diagram of vacuum-jacketed variable-temperature sample chamber

References
Listing of all References for Chapter 2 Figures