CHAPTER 3: CONSTRUCTION

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FIG. 3.1
Thermal conductivity of selected classes of materials

FIG. 3.2
Thermal expansion of selected construction materials

FIG. 3.3
Volumetric heat capacity (at constant pressure, CP) of several types of materials at cryogenic temperatures

FIG. 3.4
Temperature dependence of the yield strength of several cryostat materials

FIG. 3.5
Example of choosing materials that will tighten a joint on cooling

FIG. 3.6
Burn-down lip machined into a circular plate to increase welded-joint reliability

FIG. 3.7
Bulk thermal conductivity of common solder materials

FIG. 3.8
Joint designs with large soldered-surface areas for mechanical strength

FIG. 3.9
Schematic illustration of a mechanical test apparatus, showing titanium pull rod and stainless-steel (SS) load-reaction tube

FIG. 3.10
Geometry of beams and circular plates

FIG. 3.11
Vacuum requirements for various applications

FIG. 3.12
Metal C-ring seal

FIG. 3.13
Design of the ConFlat® flange seal

FIG. 3.14
Indium O-ring seal designs

FIG. 3.15
Cut-away view of indium O-ring cryogenic vacuum compression seal

FIG. 3.16
Conductance of cylindrical tubes at room temperature under conditions of free molecular flow

FIG. 3.17
Examples of correct and incorrect welding practice for vacuum applications

FIG. 3.18
Degassing rate for untreated metals, compared with Neoprene™ plastic and Araldite™ epoxy

FIG. 3.19a
Vapor pressure curves of metals: high-vapor-pressure metals

FIG. 3.19b
Vapor pressure curves of metals: low-vapor-pressure metals

FIG. 3.20
Permeation constant K for helium through several Corning™ glasses as a function of temperature

FIG. 3.21
Permeation constant for helium gas through several ceramics as a function of temperature

FIG. 3.22
Permeation constant K for hydrogen through several metals as a function of temperature

References
Listing of all References for Chapter 3 Figures