CHAPTER 6: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

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FIG. 6.1
Specific heat of technical materials at cryogenic temperatures

FIG. 6.2
Molar heat capacity at constant volume and molar internal energy as a function of temperature

FIG. 6.3
Thermal diffusivity for selected technical materials

FIG. 6.4
Thermal linear expansion of common polymers

FIG. 6.5
Thermal linear expansion of selected composites

FIG. 6.6
Thermal linear expansion of common metals

FIG. 6.7
Thermal linear expansion of common alloys

FIG. 6.8
Thermal expansion on cooling from room temperature for the Fe–Ni alloy system at different compositions, showing the “Invar” region near 36 % Ni composition

FIG. 6.9
Thermal expansion coefficient as a function of temperature for low-expansion materials

FIG. 6.10
Electrical resistivity of copper as a function of impurity content

FIG. 6.11
Electrical resistivity of aluminum as a function of impurity content

FIG. 6.12
Electrical resistivity of ideally pure elements at low temperature

FIG. 6.13
Thermal conductivity of solids as a function of temperature

FIG. 6.14
Thermal conductivity of various amorphous solids: vitreous silica, vitreous germania, vitreous selenium, amorphous polystyrene, and amorphous polymethylmethacrylate

FIG. 6.15
Schematic stress–strain curve for ductile materials when stressed axially

FIG. 6.16
Temperature dependence of the elastic modulus for several metals

FIG. 6.17
Yield strength of common cryostat construction materials as a function of temperature

FIG. 6.18
Yield strength of structural aluminum alloys as a function of temperature

FIG. 6.19
Ultimate tensile strength of common cryostat construction materials as a function of temperature

FIG. 6.20
Fracture toughness of various materials at low temperatures

FIG. 6.21
Inverse relationship between fracture toughness and yield strength at 4 K for austenitic stainless steels

FIG. 6.22
Strain-cycling fatigue curves for AISI type 304L austenitic stainless steel at 295 K, 76 K, and 4 K.

References
Listing of all References for Chapter 6 Figures