CHAPTER 6: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

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FIG. 6.1: Specific heat of technical materials at cryogenic temperatures

FIG. 6.2: Molar heat capacity at constant volume and molar internal

FIG. 6.3: Thermal diffusivity for selected technical materials

FIG. 6.4: Thermal linear expansion of common polymers

FIG. 6.5: Thermal linear expansion of selected composites

FIG. 6.6: Thermal linear expansion of common metal

FIG. 6.7: Thermal linear expansion of common alloys

FIG. 6.8: Thermal expansion on cooling from room temperature for the Fe–Ni alloy system at different compositions, showing the “Invar” region near 36 % Ni composition

FIG. 6.9: Thermal expansion coefficient as a function of temperature for low-expansion materials

FIG. 6.10: Electrical resistivity of copper as a function of impurity content

FIG. 6.11: Electrical resistivity of aluminum as a function of impurity content

FIG. 6.12: Electrical resistivity of ideally pure elements at low temperature

FIG. 6.13: Thermal conductivity of solids as a function of temperature

FIG. 6.14: Thermal conductivity of various amorphous solids: vitreous silica, vitreous germania, vitreous selenium, amorphous polystyrene, and amorphous polymethylmethacrylate

FIG. 6.15: Schematic stress–strain curve for ductile materials when stressed axially

FIG. 6.16: Temperature dependence of the elastic modulus for several metals

FIG. 6.17: Yield strength of common cryostat construction materials as a function of temperature

FIG. 6.18: Yield strength of structural aluminum alloys as a function of temperature

FIG. 6.19: Ultimate tensile strength of common cryostat construction materials as a function of temperature

FIG. 6.20: Fracture toughness of various materials at low temperatures

FIG. 6.21: Inverse relationship between fracture toughness and yield strength at 4 K for austenitic stainless steels

FIG. 6.22: Strain-cycling fatigue curves for AISI type 304L austenitic stainless steel at 295 K, 76 K, and 4 K.

References: Listing of all References for Chapter 6 Figures